What is an Aortic Aneurysm? Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options
Understanding Aortic Aneurysms
What is an Aortic Aneurysm?
An aortic aneurysm is a serious medical condition characterised by a weakened and bulging area in the aorta, the body's largest artery, which carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Over time, this weakened section of the artery may enlarge, increasing the risk of life-threatening complications. Understanding the nature of this condition is crucial for early detection and effective management.
Aortic Aneurysms Explained: Two Main Types
There are two primary types of aortic aneurysms:
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA): This occurs in the lower section of the aorta, within the abdomen. AAAs are more common than thoracic aneurysms and often develop silently without noticeable symptoms until they grow large or rupture.
Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm (TAA): This type forms in the upper part of the aorta, within the chest cavity. While less common than AAA, TAAs can still be dangerous and may lead to serious complications if left untreated.
Both types pose significant health risks, particularly when they expand rapidly or lead to aortic dissection, a condition where a tear forms in the aortic wall, causing internal bleeding. Aneurysms may also rupture, leading to sudden and severe internal haemorrhaging, which is often fatal without immediate medical intervention.
Due to the serious nature of this condition, early detection through routine screening is essential, especially for those at higher risk. Regular monitoring allows for timely treatment, reducing the likelihood of severe complications.
What Causes Aortic Aneurysms?
Understanding aortic aneurysm causes is crucial in preventing and managing this potentially life-threatening condition. While the exact reason an aneurysm develops varies from person to person, several well-documented risk factors contribute to the weakening of the aortic wall.
Common Causes of Aortic Aneurysms
High Blood Pressure (Hypertension): Chronic hypertension puts excessive strain on the walls of the aorta, increasing the likelihood of bulging and weakening over time. Uncontrolled high blood pressure is one of the leading aortic aneurysm causes, particularly in older adults.
Smoking: Tobacco use is a major risk factor for what causes aortic aneurysm development. Smoking contributes to arterial damage by weakening the aortic walls, increasing inflammation, and accelerating the progression of atherosclerosis. Smokers are significantly more likely to develop an aortic aneurysm than non-smokers.
Atherosclerosis (Arterial Plaque Build-up): Atherosclerosis occurs when fatty deposits accumulate along the arterial walls, causing them to become rigid and less flexible. This reduces blood flow and increases pressure on the artery, making it more vulnerable to aneurysm formation.
Age and Gender: Aortic aneurysms are more common in men over 65, though women can also develop them. As people age, natural wear and tear on blood vessels increase the risk of aneurysms forming.
Genetic and Rare Causes of Aortic Aneurysms
Hereditary Factors: Genetics can play a significant role in what causes aortic aneurysm development. If a close family member has had an aortic aneurysm, the risk of developing one is higher. Some inherited conditions also make the aortic wall more susceptible to damage.
Marfan Syndrome and Other Connective Tissue Disorders: Marfan syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that weakens the body's connective tissue, including the walls of blood vessels. This condition significantly increases the risk of developing a thoracic aortic aneurysm at a younger age. Other connective tissue disorders, such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, can also contribute to aneurysm formation.
Inflammatory Conditions and Infections: In rare cases, conditions like vasculitis (blood vessel inflammation) or infections such as syphilis can weaken the aortic walls and lead to aneurysm development.
Since aortic aneurysm causes often develop silently over time, it is essential for high-risk individuals to undergo regular screening. Early detection and lifestyle modifications can help reduce the risk and prevent serious complications.
Symptoms to Watch For
Recognising aortic aneurysm symptoms early can be life-saving, as many aneurysms develop without noticeable signs. However, as an aneurysm enlarges, it may begin to cause discomfort or other warning signals. Understanding these symptoms is crucial for early detection and timely medical intervention.
Common Symptoms of Aortic Aneurysms
The symptoms of an aortic aneurysm largely depend on its location and size. While smaller aneurysms may remain undetected for years, larger ones can cause:
Chest, back, or abdominal pain – Aneurysms put pressure on surrounding tissues, leading to dull or persistent pain in the affected area.
Difficulty breathing or swallowing – A thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) may press against the lungs, airways, or oesophagus, leading to shortness of breath, a chronic cough, or trouble swallowing.
A pulsating sensation in the abdomen – One of the most distinctive symptoms of abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA) is a throbbing or pulsing feeling in the lower stomach, often noticeable when lying down.
Unexplained hoarseness – A growing thoracic aneurysm can compress the nerves controlling the vocal cords, causing a hoarse or weak voice.
Signs of a Ruptured Aneurysm – A Medical Emergency
A ruptured aortic aneurysm is a life-threatening condition requiring immediate emergency care. Signs of rupture include:
Sudden, severe pain – A sharp, tearing, or stabbing pain in the chest, back, or abdomen can indicate an aneurysm has ruptured.
Dizziness or fainting – A rupture causes rapid internal bleeding, leading to dangerously low blood pressure, which can result in dizziness, confusion, or loss of consciousness.
Cold, clammy skin and rapid heartbeat – These are signs of shock caused by internal bleeding. Without urgent treatment, a ruptured aneurysm can be fatal within minutes.
Since aortic aneurysm symptoms may not always be obvious, regular health check-ups and screenings are essential, particularly for those in high-risk groups. If you experience any symptoms of abdominal aortic aneurysm or other related warning signs, seek medical advice immediately to prevent complications.
Meet Dr Artur Mlodzianowski
For those seeking expert cardiology consultations in Newry, Dr Artur Mlodzianowski cardiologist is a highly regarded specialist with extensive experience in diagnosing and treating cardiovascular conditions, including aortic aneurysms. His dedication to patient care, combined with his advanced medical training, makes him a trusted name in the field of cardiology.
Expertise and Medical Background
Dr Artur Mlodzianowski holds a PhD in hypertension research, reflecting his deep understanding of the relationship between high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. He has also achieved his Certificate of Completion of Training (CCT) in Cardiology, ensuring he meets the highest standards in the field.
His expertise lies in interventional cardiology, a branch of cardiology that focuses on minimally invasive procedures to diagnose and treat heart conditions. Having completed a prestigious fellowship in Leicester, Dr Mlodzianowski honed his skills in advanced cardiac interventions, further solidifying his reputation as a leading cardiologist.
Current Roles and Patient Care Philosophy
Currently, Dr Artur Mlodzianowski cardiologist serves patients at Craigavon and Daisy Hill Hospitals, where he plays a key role in providing life-saving treatments for heart disease and vascular conditions. His work includes diagnosing and managing complex cardiac conditions, performing catheter-based procedures, and guiding patients through preventative cardiovascular care.
What sets Dr Mlodzianowski apart is his patient-centred approach. He believes in empowering individuals with knowledge about their heart health and providing personalised treatment plans tailored to each patient's unique needs. His commitment to excellence ensures that those seeking cardiology consultations in Newry receive the highest standard of care.
Beyond Medicine: A Passion for the Outdoors
Outside of his medical practice, Dr Mlodzianowski enjoys hiking in the Mourne Mountains, where he finds relaxation and balance amid his demanding career. His love for nature and physical activity reflects his holistic approach to heart health, encouraging patients to embrace an active lifestyle as part of their cardiovascular care.
For those looking for expert cardiology consultations in Newry, Dr Artur Mlodzianowski offers unmatched expertise, compassionate care, and a commitment to improving heart health. Whether managing high blood pressure, diagnosing aortic aneurysms, or performing life-saving interventions, he remains dedicated to enhancing patient outcomes.
Diagnosing Aortic Aneurysms
Early aortic aneurysm diagnosis is crucial for preventing life-threatening complications such as rupture or dissection. Since many aneurysms develop silently without noticeable symptoms, medical imaging plays a vital role in detecting them before they become a serious threat.
Key Aortic Aneurysm Imaging Tests
Aneurysms are typically diagnosed using advanced aortic aneurysm imaging tests, which provide detailed insights into the size, location, and severity of the condition. The most commonly used diagnostic tools include:
Ultrasound: A simple, non-invasive test that uses sound waves to create images of the aorta. Ultrasound is often the first-line screening tool for detecting abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), particularly in high-risk individuals.
CT Scan (Computed Tomography): A CT scan provides highly detailed cross-sectional images of the aorta, helping doctors determine the precise size and shape of an aneurysm. It is one of the most effective methods for detecting both abdominal and thoracic aortic aneurysms.
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): This imaging technique offers a clearer and more detailed view of the aorta and surrounding structures. MRI scans are particularly useful when assessing complex aneurysms or planning surgical interventions.
Who Should Be Screened?
Routine screening for aortic aneurysms is recommended for individuals at higher risk, as early detection can significantly improve treatment outcomes. Screening guidelines include:
Men aged 65 and older – The risk of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) increases with age, particularly in men. The NHS offers one-time ultrasound screening for men over 65.
Individuals with a family history of aortic aneurysms – If a close relative has had an aneurysm, screening at an earlier age is advised.
Smokers and former smokers – Smoking significantly increases the risk of aneurysm formation and progression.
Patients with high blood pressure or atherosclerosis – Chronic hypertension and arterial plaque buildup weaken the aortic walls, making screening essential.
People with connective tissue disorders – Conditions such as Marfan syndrome or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome increase the likelihood of developing an aneurysm.
Schedule Your Consultation
If you fall into a high-risk category or have concerns about aortic aneurysm diagnosis, seeking medical advice is essential. At Newry Private Clinic, Dr Artur Mlodzianowski provides expert assessments and access to advanced aortic aneurysm imaging tests to ensure early detection and personalised treatment.
Take Control of Your Heart Health
Don’t wait for symptoms to appear - early detection saves lives. Schedule your consultation with Dr Artur Mlodzianowski at Newry Private Clinic today for expert cardiovascular assessment and screening.
Treatment Options for Aortic Aneurysms
Effective aortic aneurysm treatment depends on the size, location, and risk of rupture associated with the aneurysm. In many cases, early detection allows for careful monitoring, while larger or rapidly growing aneurysms may require surgical intervention. At Newry Private Clinic, under the expertise of Dr Artur Mlodzianowski, patients have access to both non-surgical and advanced surgical treatment options to ensure the best possible outcomes.
Non-Surgical Treatment: Monitoring and Risk Management
For smaller aneurysms that are not growing rapidly, regular monitoring is often the best approach. This involves:
Routine imaging tests such as ultrasound or CT scans to track the aneurysm’s size and growth.
Blood pressure control through lifestyle changes and medications to reduce strain on the aortic walls.
Smoking cessation and cholesterol management to slow the progression of aortic disease.
While monitoring can be a safe approach for aneurysms under 5.5 cm in men and 5 cm in women, intervention is required if the aneurysm grows too large or shows signs of rupture risk.
Surgical Treatment Options
When an aneurysm reaches a critical size or is at risk of rupture, surgical intervention is necessary. The two primary surgical options include:
- Open Surgical Repair
A traditional procedure where the weakened section of the aorta is replaced with a synthetic graft.
Involves a larger incision and a longer recovery period but offers durable, long-term results.
Recommended for younger patients or those with complex aneurysms unsuitable for minimally invasive procedures.
- Endovascular Repair of Aortic Aneurysm (EVAR/TEVAR)
A minimally invasive approach where a stent graft is inserted through the arteries to reinforce the weakened aortic wall.
Endovascular repair of aortic aneurysm is preferred for patients at higher surgical risk due to age or existing health conditions.
Offers a shorter hospital stay, quicker recovery, and fewer complications compared to open surgery.
Expert Aneurysm Treatment at Newry Private Clinic
Under the guidance of Dr Artur Mlodzianowski, patients at Newry Private Clinic receive expert care tailored to their individual condition. With advanced imaging, cutting-edge treatment options, and personalised management plans, our clinic ensures the highest standard of aortic aneurysm treatment for all patients.
Take Action Today
Early intervention can save lives. Whether you need monitoring, surgical repair, or endovascular repair of aortic aneurysm, trust the expertise of Dr Artur Mlodzianowski at Newry Private Clinic. Schedule your consultation today to discuss your treatment options.
Preventing Aortic Aneurysms
While some risk factors for aneurysms, such as genetics, cannot be changed, there are several proactive steps individuals can take to prevent aortic aneurysm development. A heart-healthy lifestyle and regular medical check-ups can significantly reduce the chances of developing an aneurysm and prevent existing ones from worsening.
How to Prevent Aortic Aneurysm: Key Prevention Strategies
- Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle
A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains supports cardiovascular health.
Reduce salt intake to help control blood pressure and limit processed or high-fat foods that contribute to atherosclerosis.
Engage in regular physical activity, such as walking, swimming, or cycling, to improve circulation and strengthen blood vessels.
- Manage Blood Pressure
Hypertension (high blood pressure) is a major risk factor for aortic aneurysms, as it places excessive strain on artery walls.
Monitor blood pressure regularly and follow medical advice to keep it within a healthy range.
If prescribed, take blood pressure medications consistently and avoid skipping doses.
- Quit Smoking
Smoking weakens blood vessels and significantly increases the risk of aneurysm formation and rupture.
Quitting smoking is one of the most effective ways to prevent aortic aneurysm and improve overall cardiovascular health.
Speak to a healthcare provider about smoking cessation programmes and support groups.
- Routine Health Check-ups and Screening
Individuals over 65, particularly men, should undergo abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) screening, which is offered by the NHS.
Those with a family history of aneurysms or conditions like Marfan syndrome should seek earlier and more frequent evaluations.
Regular cardiovascular assessments with a cardiologist can help detect aneurysms early and ensure timely intervention.
By following these key strategies on how to prevent aortic aneurysm, individuals can take control of their vascular health and lower their risk of life-threatening complications. Early detection and prevention remain the best defences against this silent but serious condition.
Expert Cardiology Care in Northern Ireland
When it comes to aortic aneurysms, early diagnosis and treatment are essential to preventing life-threatening complications. Many aneurysms develop without symptoms, making regular screening and cardiovascular assessments critical, especially for high-risk individuals. By recognising the warning signs, undergoing routine cardiology consultations in Northern Ireland, and adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle, patients can significantly reduce their risk and ensure timely intervention if necessary.
At Newry Private Clinic, patients receive personalised, high-quality care under the expertise of Dr Artur Mlodzianowski. With extensive experience in interventional cardiology, he specialises in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of aortic aneurysms, ensuring that each patient receives a tailored management plan to safeguard their heart health. Whether you require routine screening, advanced imaging, or specialised procedures, our private cardiology Newry services provide the highest standard of care.
Talk to Dr Artur Mlodzianowski Today
If you have concerns about aortic aneurysms, high blood pressure, or general cardiovascular health, now is the time to take action. Book a consultation with Dr Artur Mlodzianowski at Newry Private Clinic for expert advice, screening, and advanced treatment options.
Take control of your heart health - schedule your cardiology consultation in Northern Ireland today.